Resources

Terms and Definitions

ACEC: Areas of Critical Environmental Concern.

Designated BLM "areas where special management attention is needed to protect important historical, cultural, and scenic values, or fish and wildlife or other natural resources. ACECs can also be designated to protect human life and safety from natural hazards." ⁽ ¹ ⁾

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Administrative Protections: Public land protections achieved through federal agency planning processes and

the NEPA public comment process. Resource Management Plans for the BLM and Forest Plans for our national forests can protect areas in a variety of ways, such as ACECs, backcountry non-motorized areas, or confirming legislative designations. Administrative protections are more easily achieved through effective public comment processes compared to legislative actions, but administrative protections are less permanent, less clear, and less legally binding than legislative protections like designated Wilderness.

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BLM: Bureau of Land Management

Federal agency established in 1964 and tasked "with a mandate of managing public lands for a variety of uses such as energy development, livestock grazing, recreation, and timber harvesting while ensuring natural, cultural, and historic resources are maintained for present and future use." ⁽ ⁶ ⁾

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EA: Environmental Assessment

"A comprehensive study that identifies environmental impacts of a land development action and analyzes a broad set of parameters including biodiversity, environmental justice, wetlands, air and water pollution, traffic, geotechnical risks, public safety issues and also hazardous substance issues." ⁽ ² ⁾

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EIS: Environmental Impact Statement

"A comprehensive document that analyzes the impacts of a federal action that will have a significant effect on the human environment." ⁽ ³ ⁾

FOIA: Freedom Of Information Act

"Generally provides that any person has the right to request access to federal agency records or information except to the extent the records are protected from disclosure by any of nine exemptions contained in the law or by one of three special law enforcement record exclusions." ⁽ ¹⁶ ⁾

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Forest Plan: Officially called a Land Management Plan, these plans are required by the National Forest

Management Act of 1976 and the process currently followed for plan revision is outlined by the 2012 Planning Rule. This process was intended to occur every 15 years in order to ensure management is relevant and timely. A Forest Plan starts with assessing what is currently happening to inform what direction to take. Then a plan is developed and a draft with multiple alternatives is released and the public is able to comment. A revision is released and the public is able to comment again. This feedback is then used to draft a final revision.

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IRA: Inventoried Roadless Areas

"Undeveloped areas typically exceeding 5,000 acres that met the minimum criteria for wilderness consideration under the Wilderness Act and that were inventoried during the Forest Service’s Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) process, subsequent assessments, or forest planning," in accordance with the  Roadless Area Conservation Final Rule. This term is no longer used when considering areas for wilderness recommendation, instead, they are called 'Potential Wilderness Areas'. ⁽ ¹³ ⁾

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LWC's: Land with Wilderness Characteristics

Lands that "possess sufficient size, naturalness, and outstanding opportunities for either solitude or primitive and unconfined recreation." ⁽ ¹⁴ ⁾

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Legislative Protections: Public land protections requiring congressional action, like designated Wilderness. 

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NEPA: National Environmental Policy Act

"Requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions." ⁽ ⁷ ⁾

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NWPS: National Wilderness Preservation System

Established by the Wilderness Act of 1964, is a system of our wildest landscapes with the highest forms of government protections. The NWPS includes more than 111 million acres of protected wilderness areas that are managed by the National Parks Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. 

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Potential Wilderness Areas:  "Areas identified and evaluated during the development or revision of Forest Plans

for administrative recommendation to Congress for wilderness designation." ⁽ ¹³ ⁾

See also 'Inventoried Roadless Areas'

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Red Desert: Located in Southwest Wyoming, approximately half a million acres of high-altitude desert. It is the

largest unfenced area in the continental United States, filled with sand dunes, badlands, canyons, contiguous wildlands, and Indigenous cultural history. It is "the only place where the Continental Divide splits and rejoins, forming an enormous basin where water collects rather than flowing into the Pacific or Atlantic oceans. The world's largest herd of desert elk can be found here, along with wagon ruts etched by pioneers traveling the Oregon Trail, and prehistoric rock art and Shoshone spiritual sites." ⁽ ⁹ ⁾

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RMP: Resource Management Plan

RMP's serve as land management blueprints for the BLM to "more readily address resource issues at a variety of scales, such as wildfire, wildlife habitat, appropriate development, or the demand for renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and to respond more effectively to change." ⁽ ¹⁰ ⁾ The planning process says what can happen and where, and provide the overarching guidance for public land management in place for several decades. Other proposed projects and planning processes, like Travel Planning, say what will happen.

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TEK: Traditional Ecological Knowledge or Indigenous Knowledge

Encompasses the landscape, environment, wildlife, water, and material cultural items in conjunction with oral histories passed down from Tribal ancestors.  TEK or Indigenous Knowledge are living, place-based information and knowledge systems held by Tribes and Indigenous Peoples containing over thousands of years of observations and understanding. These expansive knowledge systems continue to develop through ongoing, direct interactions and long-lived experiences with the environment, and include skills, traditions, lessons, beliefs, oral and written history, and innovations passed down generationally. ⁽ ¹⁵ ⁾

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Travel Plan: Travel management planning for public lands is generally described as the process of designating

a sustainable system of roads, trails, and areas that are open for motor vehicle use. Resource Management Plans (RMPs, for the BLM) and Forest Land Management Plans (LMPs, for USFS) identify what uses are allowed where, including motorized and recreational vehicles. These guiding plans say what can happen on our public lands, but travel management planning determines what will happen. Learn More

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Wilderness: (Map) Established in the Wilderness Act of 1964 and "recognized as an area where the earth and its

community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain...an area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent improvements or human habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions..." ⁽ ⁵ ⁾

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Wilderness Act of 1964: The "Wilderness Act" was signed into law on Sept. 3, 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

It "created the National Wilderness Preservation System and immediately placed 54 areas into the system. Those areas included 9.1 million acres in 13 states, including some of our most iconic wilderness areas:

• Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Minnesota

• Bridger Wilderness, Wyoming

• Teton Wilderness, Wyoming

• Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana" ⁽ ⁸ ⁾

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Wildlands: A broad term referring to roadless areas "greater than 5,000 acres. Wilderness, WSA's, or other land

with "wilderness characteristics" are considered wildlands. ⁽ ¹² ⁾

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WSA: Wilderness Study Area (Map)

"Places that have wilderness characteristics; that is a minimum size, naturalness, and outstanding opportunities for recreation which make them eligible for designation as Wilderness." ⁽ ⁴ ⁾

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WPLI: Wyoming Public Lands Initiative

In 2015 the Wyoming County Commissioners Association launched the Wyoming Public Lands Initiative (WPLI) to address the state's Wilderness Study Areas through county-led collaboratives. Through a majority-vote process that does not fully represent the Wyoming public, lacked support from many committee members, and failed to consult with tribal governments, the Wyoming Public Lands Initiative Act (WPLIA, S. 1750) was introduced by Senator Barrasso in Spring 2021, which would only designate 10% of current WSA's as Wilderness, while releasing 77% to various multiple-use management. This flawed decision process and net loss of wildlands is not supported by the Wyoming Wilderness Association. Read More

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Wyoming Wilderness Act of 1984: Sponsored by Representative Malcolm Wallop [R-WY] and Dick Cheney [R-

WY], permanently protected 1.1 million acres of ecologically diverse, wild landscapes in Wyoming by adding them to the National Wilderness Preservation System. These included:

(1) the Cloud Peak Wilderness in the Bighorn National Forest;

(2) the Popo Agie Wilderness in the Shoshone National Forest;

(3) the Gros Ventre Wilderness in the Bridger-Teton National Forest;

(4) the Winegar Hole Wilderness in the Bridger-Teton National Forest;

(5) Jedediah Smith Wilderness in the Targhee National Forest;

(6) the Huston Park Wilderness in the Medicine Bow National Forest;

(7) the Encampment River Wilderness Area in the Medicine Bow National Forest;

(8) the Platte River Wilderness in the Medicine Bow and Routt National Forests of Wyoming and Colorado; (9) the Corridor Addition to the Teton Wilderness in the Bridge-Teton Wilderness;

(10) the Silver Creek Addition to the Bridger Wilderness and the Newfork Lake Addition to the Bridger Wilderness in the Bridger-Teton National Forest;

(11) the Glacier Addition to the Fitzpatrick Wilderness in the Shoshones National Forest;

(12) the South Fork Addition to the Washakie Wilderness in the Shoshone National Forest;

(13) the High Lakes Addition to the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness in the Shoshone National Forest.